Introduction

A critical part of most web applications is identifying the users and managing their access to the application’s resources. Authentication is the process of confirming the user’s identity. To pass the authentication, the user must prove that the login attempt is made by this particular user. Usually, the identity proof consists of the user’s credentials: login and password.

All external requests to web services must be authenticated. Bpm’online supports the following authentication methods:

• Anonymous authentication.
• Basic authentication.
• Authentication via Cookies (the “Form-based authentication”).

Advantages and disadvantages of different methods of authentication are available in table 1.

Table 1. Authentication type comparison

Authentication type	Advantages	Disadvantages	Usage
Anonymous	Best performance. Does not require user account management.	Does not identify individual users.	Access to bpm’online public functions, such as the login page, logo, certain web services.
Basic	Widely used. Works with proxy servers. Identifies individual users.	Not secure without SSL/TLS.	Only access to EntityDataService.svc (OData).
Forms (Cookies)	Additional attributes for user credentials. Identifies individual users.	Not secure without SSL/TLS.	Most of bpm’online resources and web services.

Details on each method are available below.

Anonymous authentication

Anonymous authentication provides user access to the publicly available functions of the web application without the need to enter login credentials. From the technical perspective, the authentication is not performed, since the user does not have to provide username and password. Instead, IIS provides Windows previously saved authentication data for a special user.

Anonymous authentication is performed on the IIS level and is enabled by default. When the anonymous authentication is used, IIS does not require any other authentication schemes, provided the corresponding NTFS access permissions were granted for the resource.

Advantages

• Provides the best performance.
• Does not require user account management.

Disadvantages

• Does not identify users individually.

Usage

In bpm’online, anonymous authentication is used for accessing resources that are provided to all users, without authentication. Such resources include the login page, website logo, several web services (for example, AuthService.svc, UserService.svc, etc.).

Basic authentication

Basic authentication is a part of HTTP specification. This is a standard authentication method via HTTP headings. User credentials (username and password) in Base64 are added to the heading of the request to the service. Basic authentication is also performed on the IIS level.

Advantages

• This authentication method is part of HTTP 1.0 specification and is widely used.
• Can perform authentication through proxy servers.
• Identifies users individually.

Disadvantages

• Not secure without SSL/TLS.

Usage

Form-based authentication (Cookies)

ASP.NET has additional authentication methods that are performed only after IIS authentication (usually, anonymous).

One of the additional authentication methods implemented in ASP.NET is Form-based authentication (also known as Cookie-based authentication).

The Form-based authentication provider enables receiving user account data sent via POST request (for example, using an HTML or AJAX form). The user provides username and password for authentication directly to the web application. After successful authentication, the application provides the user special cookies that the user must add to the subsequent requests. If the request to a protected resource does not contain cookies, the application redirects the user to the login page. For more on the Form-based authentication, please see a separate article.

Bpm’online’s Form-based authentication uses the AuthService.svc web service.

Advantages

• In addition to login and password, Form-based authentication enables using other attributes of user accounts, such as email address.
• Identifies users individually.

Disadvantages

• Can be subject to attacks using cookie lifespan, unless SSL/TLS is used.

Usage

This authentication method is used for accessing most of bpm’online resources and pages.